NYU Abu Dhabi researchers find mysterious new set of waves in Sun
Researchers from NYU Abu Dhabi’s (NYUAD) Centre for Space Science have discovered a new set of waves in the Sun that, unexpectedly, appear to travel much faster than predicted by theory.
In the study, ‘Discovery of high-frequency-retrograde vorticity waves in the Sun’, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, the researchers, led by Research Associate Chris S. Hanson, detailed how they analysed 25 years of space and ground-based data to detect these waves. The high-frequency retrograde (HFR) waves, which move in the opposite direction of the Sun’s rotation, appear as a pattern of vortices (swirling motions) on the surface of the Sun and move at three times the speed established by current theory.
The interior of the Sun and stars cannot be imaged by conventional astronomy (e.g. optical, x-ray etc.), and scientists rely on interpreting the surface signatures of a variety of waves to image the interiors. These new HFR waves may yet be an important puzzle piece in our understanding of stars.
Complex interactions between other well known waves and magnetism, gravity or convection could drive the HFR waves at this speed. “If the HFR waves could be attributed to any of these three processes, then the finding would have answered some open questions we still have about the Sun,” said Hanson. “However, these new waves don’t appear to be a result of these processes, and that’s exciting because it leads to a whole new set of questions.”
This research was conducted within NYUAD’s Centre for Space Science in collaboration with the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and New York University, using NYUAD and TIFR’s computational resources. By studying the Sun’s interior dynamics – through the use of waves – scientists can better appreciate the Sun’s potential impact on the Earth and other planets in our solar system.
“The very existence of HFR modes and their origin is a true mystery and may allude to exciting physics at play,” said Shravan Hanasoge, a co-author of the paper. “It has the potential to shed insight on the otherwise unobservable interior of the Sun.”
Authorities across the UAE have stepped up safety measures as unstable weather continues to impact multiple regions, bringing rainfall, strong winds, and reduced visibility.
The National Centre of Meteorology (NCM) has issued yellow and orange alerts across most parts of the country, warning of varying rainfall intensity and winds reaching up to 50 km/h. While sea conditions remain light to moderate in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman, residents have been strongly advised to avoid valleys, flood-prone areas, mountainous regions, and the sea.
Drive safely
Authorities are urging motorists to drive cautiously, reduce speed, and maintain safe distances due to slippery roads and poor visibility. Dubai Police confirmed full readiness to respond to emergencies and stressed the importance of following traffic laws and avoiding risky areas such as watercourses and valleys.
Emergency contact numbers have been shared by officials in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, ensuring residents can quickly seek assistance when needed. For emergencies, the public can contact 999, while non-emergency cases can be reported via 901.
Flight disruptions
Meanwhile, major airlines including Emirates, flidubai and Air Arabia have issued travel advisories. Passengers are urged to allow extra travel time to airports, check flight status regularly, and stay updated on potential delays or schedule changes. Air Arabia noted that operations in Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, and Ras Al Khaimah may be affected. Passengers have been urged to check their flight status ahead of departing for the airport.
Residents urged to remain indoors
The National Emergency Crisis and Disaster Management Authority also reassured the public that emergency alert systems remain active, clarifying that warning sounds should not be confused with weather-related disturbances.
Residents have been urged to remain indoors during severe weather and avoid going out unless absolutely necessary, stressing that precautionary behaviour is essential to prevent injuries and accidents during sudden weather changes.
The ministry also advised residents to protect vehicles and outdoor property by covering them where possible.
Weather conditions are expected to persist through the week, with authorities emphasising the importance of staying informed through official channels and avoiding unnecessary travel.
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